What is a Copyright?

A copyright is a form of ownership and legal protection for "original works of authorship." The copyrighted work must be in tangible form. The Copyright Act generally gives the owner of the copyright the exclusive right to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies, publicly perform, or display the work of artistic expression. In cases of "works for hire" the employer and not the employee is considered the owner of the copyright.

Copyrightable works include the following categories:

• literary works

• musical works, including any accompanying words

• dramatic works, including any accompanying music

• pantomimes and choreographic works

• pictorial, graphic, and sculptural works

• motion pictures and other audiovisual works

• sound recordings

• architectural works

These categories should be viewed broadly. For example, computer programs and most "compilations" may be registered as "literary works"; maps and architectural plans may be registered as "pictorial, graphic, and sculptural works. Several categories of material are generally not eligible for federal copyright protection. These include among others:

• Works that have not been fixed in a tangible form of expression (for example, choreographic works that have not been notated or recorded, or improvisational speeches or performances that have not been written or recorded)

• Titles, names, short phrases, and slogans; familiar symbols or designs; mere variations of typographic ornamentation, lettering, or coloring; mere listings of ingredients or contents

• Ideas, procedures, methods, systems, processes, concepts, principles, discoveries, or devices, as distinguished from a description, explanation, or illustration

• Works consisting entirely of information that is common property and containing no original authorship (for example: standard calendars, height and weight charts, tape measures and rulers, and lists or tables taken from public documents or other common sources)